![]() Conrad (1975), the Court ruled that city officials of Chattanooga, Tennessee, violated the First Amendment by prohibiting the production of the rock musical Hair in public facilities. The Supreme Court used the term public forum frequently in the 1970s. The term public forum was used frequently in the 1970s Louisiana.” The term public forum, however, did not appear in First Amendment cases until the 1970s, and public forum doctrine did not appear until the 1980s. ![]() Such use of the streets and public places has, from ancient times, been a part of the privileges, immunities, rights, and liberties of citizens.”įirst Amendment scholar Harry Kalven Jr. wrote of the concept in a law review article in 1965 titled “ The Concept of the Public Forum: Cox v. Committee for Industrial Organization (1939), in which he wrote: “Wherever the title of streets and parks may rest, they have immemorially been held in trust for the use of the public and, time out of mind, have been used for purposes of assembly, communicating thoughts between citizens, and discussing public questions. Most scholars trace the lineage of the public forum doctrine to Justice Owen J. Roberts originated the public forum doctrine Courts employ this doctrine to decide whether groups should have access to engage in expressive activities on such property. The public forum doctrine is an analytical tool used in First Amendment jurisprudence to determine the constitutionality of speech restrictions implemented on government property.
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